Deforestation: Ecosystem and Private Sector Views

Trees are one of the most important aspects of the planet we live in . They are very important to the environment , economy and of course for us humans. They are also important for the climate of the earth , as they act as filters for carbon dioxide . However , the trees on our planet are being depleted at a very fast rate and governments must take an action to make a change. To discuss deforestation we need to look at a role of government and its economic policies .Also we need to look at how the private sector views the ownership of property and its resource at the expense of the environment. Deforestation is the felling and clearance of the land , mostly in the (Less Economic Developed countries. ) . Deforestation occurs in many ways. Most of the clearing its done for agricultural purposes, and planting crops. Some farmers use a( slash and burn) process which is environmentally .Deforestation and forest degradation are ultimately the result of decisions by agents made such as priv ate , corporations and communities. Generally, the main agents in the process of degradation belongs to the private sector. For example landowners are motivated by making commercial profits by forests. So if the private agents have to pay for some of the cost of depleting forests, they are more likely to have more of an incentive to take care of the environment. For example to convert forest land for other uses.Pearce and Warford (1993) argue that :†High discount rates are one cause of environmental degradation because they encourage individuals to opt for short term measures that satisfy immediate needs or wants and ignore more environmentally appropriate practice such as planting trees, there is no market to take account of this divergence between private and social preferences Deforestation has many effects on climate. It plays a major role in recycling rain back into the clouds as it receives rainfall.As a result , when the land is cleared , flooding and drought becomes a serious problem, because rainwater travels quickly through the ground without the forest to regulate it . The burning and felling of the forests is also exacerbating the Greenhouse effect. .Deforestation robs the world of countless species , destroying crucial biodiversity and loosing species with potential uses in medicine , agriculture and industry. the Biodiversity is very important to the Ecosystem and without it we would be in a dangerous positions..In 2000 environmentalist groups won a major victory against ranchers . They were able to block a low that would have allowed private agents to clear a rainforest and land with no restrictions. Another victory come in 2004 when Brazilian government created two large rainforest reserves, for sustainable activities only . Deforestation has a major impact on the environment, such as rising sea levels , soil erosion and compounds in the forests. There are some ways to avoid deforestation.In this essay I tried to show this matter of both sided can benefit if they take in to consideration each other needs . As good way to prevent people from cutting or burning down trees is to by encouraging and re-educating environmentally friendly practices in business as well as in a personal lives. They can take an ownership and contribute to a sustainable future for the environment , by being more socially responsible . Governments and nations can develop policies which will protect and limit the damage to the environment.

Business Rules and Data Models Essay

A database is a structure that contains information about many different categories of information and about the relationships between those categories (Pratt & Adamsk 2010). Database objects are entities that exist within a database to support operations such as storing, retrieving and manipulating data. Organizations use large amounts of data and database management system to store and transform data into information to support making decisions. A database management system consists of the following three elements: 1. The physical database: the collection of files that contain the data. 2. The database engine: the software that makes it possible to access and modify the contents of the database. 3. The database scheme: the specifications of the logical structure of the data stored in the database. As we know, database is structured collection of data; computer based databases are usually organized into one or more tables. A table stores data in a format similar to a published table and consists of a series of rows and columns. In a database model, each object that we want to track in the database is known as entitiy. For example, in a college database there might be several entities which is known as set of similar objects. Some of the entities in college database are: 1. Student 2. Professor 3. Courses 4. Employees Attributes describes one aspect of an entity type. Entity type is described by set of attributes. An entity is a real-world item or concept that exists on its own (Shiflet, 2002). The set of all possible values for an entity is the entity type. Each entity has attributes, or particular properties that describe the entity. For example student Indra Paudel has properties of his own studentID, StudentName and StudentGrade. Figure 1 E-R Diagram notation for an attribute domain ( StudentGrade ) of an entity type (Student). Let’s have a close look of each entity and their attributes. Figure 1.1 the attributes of Student entity. Figure 1.3 the attributes of course entity. An entity is a distinguishable object in the enterprise. An entity has attributes that describe the properties of the entity. For example, a course is an object in the student information system. The course number, title, credits, and prerequisites are the attributes for the course. All the courses have same type of attributes. A collection of entities of the same attributes is called an entity set. Since each entity is distinct, no two entities can have the same values on the attributes. Each entity class has an attribute or a set of attributes that can be used to uniquely identify the entities. In case there are several keys in the entity class, we can designate one as the primary key. For example, we can designate the course title to be the key, assume that every course has a different title. A composite attribute is an attribute that is composed of two or more sub-attributes. For example, the Student entity class has the address attribute that consists of street, city, state, and zipcode. A multivalued attribute is an attribute that may consist of a set of values. For example, the Course entity class has the prerequisites attribute. A course may have several prerequisites. Therefore, the prerequisites attribute is a multivalued attribute. A derived attribute is an attribute that can be derived or calculated from the database. A derived attribute should not be stored in the database. For example, we may add an attribute named numOfPrerequisites to the Course entity class. This attribute can be calculated from the prerequisites attribute. Example of business rule: Department——offers——Course Course——Generates——-Class Professor——Teaches——Class A conceptual data model identifies the highest level relationships between the different entities, whereas physical data models represent how the model will be built in the database. A physical database model shows all table structure including column name, column data type, column constraints, primary key, foreign key, and relationships between tables. References Pratt, P.J, & Adamski J.J, (2011). Concepts of Database Management. Ohio, OH: CENGAGE Learning. Shiflet, A.b, (2002). Entity Relationship-Model. Retrieved from http://wofford-ecs.org/dataandvisualization/ermodel/material.htm

Biography of Louise Nevelson, American Sculptor

Louise Nevelson was an American sculptor best known for her monumental monochromatic three-dimensional grid constructions. By the end of her life, she was met with much critical acclaim. She is remembered through many permanent public art installations throughout the U.S., including New York City’s Louise Nevelson Plaza on Maiden Lane in the Financial District and Philadelphias Bicentennial Dawn, made in 1976 in honor of the bicentennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Fast Facts: Louise Nevelson Occupation: Artist and sculptorBorn: September 23, 1899 in present-day Kiev, UkraineDied:  April 17, 1988 in New York City, New YorkEducation: Art Students League of New YorkKnown For: Monumental sculptural works and public art installations Early Life Louise Nevelson was born Louise Berliawsky in 1899 in Kiev, then part of Russia. At the age of four, Louise, her mother, and her siblings set sail for America, where her father had already established himself. On the journey, Louise fell sick and was quarantined in Liverpool. Through her delirium, she recalls vivid memories which she cites as essential to her practice, including shelves of vibrant candies in jars. Though she was only four at the time, Nevelson’s conviction that she was to be an artist was present at a remarkably young age, a dream from which she never strayed. Louise and her family settled in Rockland, Maine, where her father became a successful contractor. Her father’s occupation made it easy for a young Louise to interact with material, picking up pieces of wood and metal from her father’s workshop and using it to construct small sculptures. Though she began her career as a painter and dabbled in etchings, she would return to sculpture in her mature work, and it is for these sculptures that she is best known. Though her father was a success in Rockland, Nevelson always felt like the outsider in the Maine town, notably scarred by the exclusion she suffered based on her height and, presumably, her foreign origins. (She was captain of the basketball team, but this did not help her chances at being crowned Lobster Queen, a distinction awarded the most beautiful girl in town.) Though her father was known around Rockland due to his professional activities, Nevelson’s mother secluded herself, rarely socializing with her fellow neighbors. This hardly could have helped young Louise and her siblings adjust to life in the United States. The feeling of difference and alienation drove young Nevelson to escape to New York by any means possible (a journey that reflects somewhat of an artistic philosophy, as she has been quoted as saying, â€Å"If you want to go to Washington, you get on a plane. Someone has to take you there, but its your voyage†). The means that presented itself was a hasty proposal from Charles Nevelson, who young Louise had only met a handful of times. She married Charles in 1922, and later the couple had a son, Myron. Advancing Her Career In New York, Nevelson enrolled in the Art Students League, but family life was unsettling to her. In 1931, she escaped again, this time without her husband and son. Nevelson abandoned her newly-minted family—never to return to her marriage—and departed for Munich, where she studied with the famous art teacher and painter Hans Hoffman. (Hoffman would himself eventually move to the United States and teach a generation of American painters, perhaps the most influential art teacher of the 1950s and 60s. Nevelson’s early recognition of his importance only reinforces her vision as an artist.) Louise Nevelson with her work in the 1950s.   Getty Images After following Hoffman to New York, Nevelson eventually worked under the Mexican painter Diego Rivera as a muralist. Back in New York, she settled in a brownstone on 30th Street, which was filled to bursting with her work. As Hilton Kramer wrote of a visit to her studio, â€Å"It was certainly unlike anything one had ever seen or imagined. Its interior seemed to have been stripped of everything...that might divert attention from the sculptures that crowded every space, occupied every wall, and at once filled and bewildered the eye wherever it turned. Divisions between the rooms seemed to dissolve in an endless sculptural environment. At the time of Kramer’s visit, Nevelson’s work was not selling, and she was often by her exhibitions at the Grand Central Moderns Gallery, which did not sell a single piece. Nevertheless, her prolific output is an indication of her singular resolve—a belief held since childhood—that she was meant to be a sculptor. Persona Louise Nevelson the woman was perhaps more well-known than Louise Nevelson the artist. She was famous for her eccentric aspect, combining dramatic styles, colors, and textures in her clothing offset by an extensive collection of jewelry. She wore fake eyelashes and headscarves that emphasized her gaunt face, making her appear to be somewhat of a mystic. This characterization is not contradictory with her work, which she spoke of with an element of mystery, as if it arrived from another world. Louise Nevelson in the eccentric costume she was known for, photographed in her New York studio in 1974. Jack Mitchell / Getty Images Work and Legacy Louise Nevelson’s work is highly recognizable for its consistent color and style. Often in wood or metal, Nevelson primarily gravitated towards the color black—not for its somber tone, but for its evincing of harmony and eternity. [B]lack means totality, it means contains all†¦ if I speak about it every day for the rest of my life, I wouldn’t finish what it really means, Nevelson said of her choice. Though she would also work with whites and golds, she is consistent in the monochrome nature of her sculpture. A characteristically monochrome abstract sculpture by Nevelson. Corbis/VCG via Getty Images / Getty Images The primary works of her career were exhibited in galleries as â€Å"environments†: multi-sculpture installations which worked as a whole, grouped under a single title, among them â€Å"The Royal Voyage,† â€Å"Moon Garden One,† and â€Å"Sky Columns Presence.† Though these works no longer exist as wholes, their original construction gives a window into the process and meaning of Nevelson’s work. The totality of these works, which were often arranged as if each sculpture were a wall of a four-sided room, parallels Nevelson’s insistence on using a single color. The experience of unity, of disparate gathered parts which make up a whole, sums up Nevelson’s approach to materials, especially as the spindles and shards she incorporated into her sculptures give off the air of random detritus. By fashioning these objects into grid structures, she endows them with a certain weight, which asks us to reassess the material with which we come in contact. Louise Nevelson died in 1988 at the age of eighty-eight. Sources Gayford, M. and Wright, K. (2000). Grove Book of Art Writing. New York: Grove Press. 20-21.Kort, C. and Sonneborn, L. (2002). A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 164-166.Lipman, J. (1983). Nevelsons World. New York: Hudson Hills Press.Marshall, R. (1980). Louise Nevelson: Atmospheres and Environments. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc.Munro, E. (2000).  Originals: American Women Artists. New York: Da Capo Press.

The Truth And Reconciliation Commission - 1667 Words

In Country of My Skull, Antjie Krog writes pieces of prose, poetry, narrative and transcripts raw testimonies of the victims and offenders, during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) hearings. These hearings were put in place by Nelson Mandela, which allowed witnesses, whose human rights were violated, to give statements and possibly testify before the Commission. These hearings were not only aimed at justice but the truth. The hearings allowed amnesty to those who committed the crimes as long as they could prove that they were just following orders from their superiors. Krog wrote Country of My Skull about her journalistic covering, for the SABC (public broadcasting service in South Africa), of the two years that the TRC†¦show more content†¦It was a system of segregation put in place by the National Party, which governed in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. Under this system there was an extended period of gruesome violence against individuals of colored skin in So uth Africa. Black citizens began to resist this prejudice though and also used violence against the enforcers of Apartheid. Many thousands of individuals applied for the amnesty program and a couple thousand testified through the course of 2 years. â€Å"The reactions of white South Africans to the revelations of the Truth Commission can be divided into two main groups†¦ There are those who refuse point-blank to take any responsibility and are always advancing reasons why the commission should be rejected and regarded as a costly waste of money. And then there are those who feel deeply involved and moved, but also powerless to deal with the enormity of the situation† (Krog 221). A lot of Afrikaners felt a sense of guilt for the behavior they allowed to happen from their race towards another. Krog was one of these Afrikaners. Although blood was not shed on Krog’s hands directly, she took on the shame of her race. People often associate their behavior and actions fr om the groups they belong to. Race, ethnicity and political groups, is an example of this. Often times individuals feel proud to be a member of their group and it becomes an important part of how they view themselves and their identity.

Chevron and Federal Express and Marketing to Developing...

Q. 1: Briefly summarize Chevron and Fed Ex’s approach to building their brands world-wide? Answer: Chevron one of the worlds largest integrated energy companies. Corporation covers all parts of the oil business from exploration and production to refining , transportation and marketing of petroleum products. In the production program of the corporation motor oils, gear oils and liquids, the widest range of industrial and specialty oils and greases for all industries . The supply of lubricants made worldwide through a network of authorized distributors. Production and commercial divisions of the company are represented in more than 120 countries worldwide. They employ more than 50,000 highly skilled employees. FedEx is a service business which provide postal service using trucks and airplane inclusive. Company operates in 220 countries. It started its service in China and India, two emerging markets, in 1990s. Q. 2: List three insights you gained from the program as it relates to marketing to developing countries. Answer: Three insights from the program as it relates to marketing to developing countries are, clean, safe, and reliable products, balancing portfolio, community engagement, balancing imports and exports, and sponsorship portfolio. Sometime developing or emerging market have product which can be imported to developed countries. Example is Hispanic market which is the largest market for the US outside the country. Q. 3: While separate companies, both Fed Ex andShow MoreRelatedBritish Petroleum (Bp) Case Study Essay5543 Words   |  23 Pagesresponsibilities 8 Finding 3: oil industry considerably profitable business and take one of the main positions in the World economy and The British Petroleum if we exclude the accident in Mexican Sea has a huge respect and reputation as a stable, developing and profitable corporation. 9 3. Recommendations and implementations 11 3.1. 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Tsunami Essay Research Paper TsunamiA tsunami is free essay sample

Tsunami Essay, Research Paper Tsunami A tsunami is a big H2O moving ridge that is generated by sesmic activity in or implicit in beds known as mistakes. These tremendous moving ridge have historically affected many ways of life and still lie as a major factor for devastation in our coastal communities throughout the universe. A tsunami is a moving ridge concatenation or series of moving ridges that is generated in a organic structure of H2O by sea perturbation that vertically displaces the H2O. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity and even cosmic stuffs can bring forth tsunamis and or tidal moving ridges. Tsunamis can drastically impact marine life and coastal countries that will drastically change ways of life and even loss of life in many ways. The word tsunami is a Nipponese word significance, # 8221 ; Harbor wave. # 8221 ; Represented by two prefixes # 8220 ; tsu, # 8221 ; intending seaport, while the undermentioned prefix # 8221 ; nami # 8221 ; agencies wave. We will write a custom essay sample on Tsunami Essay Research Paper TsunamiA tsunami is or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In many cases the word tsunami is referred to as a type of, # 8220 ; tidal wave # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; seismal sea wave # 8221 ; which has the same devistating consequence that these atrocious storms can make. The term # 8220 ; tidal wave # 8221 ; is misnamed, even though a tsunami # 8217 ; s impact on a coastline is devistating it has little to make with the existent tidal stage. A tide consequences from an instability in the Sun, Moon and planets. Besides the term # 8220 ; seismal # 8221 ; intending temblor related action can hold small impact on how a tsunami is derivered from the seismal activity that is traveling on in the under lying beds of the Earth. Tsunamis are unlike wind-generated moving ridges, with long periods and long moving ridge lengths. You may hold observed a type of wind-generated moving ridge on a local lake or beach. Tsunamis or tidal moving ridges are shallow H2O moving ridges, with long periods and beckon lengths similar to a air current generated moving ridges but have assorted factors impacting at that place swell. A tsunami or tidal moving ridge can hold a wavelength of 3,300ft/hr and can go at velocities up to 100mi/hr. As a consequence of their long moving ridge lengths, tsunamis act as a shallow H2O wave significance that a moving ridges ratio is ( under 1:7 ) . Tsunamis and tidal moving ridges can be generated when the sea floor alterations and vertically displaces the overlying sea. A tectonic temblor is a type of temblor that is affiliated with the crusts traveling over one another. When this happens it creates a perturbation and displaces the H2O from its original place and creates an under H2O wave that finally tries to recover its eqalibrium but creates a tsunami or tidal moving ridge. These alterations occure at big home base boundries and subduction zones in the Pacific ocean. And usally ensue in life treating storms that consequence big Aress of ocean lying land. In the

Tom Sawyer free essay sample

Mark Twain writes that most of the adventures recorded in this book really occurred; one or two were experiences of my own, the rest of boys who were schoolmates of mine. Twains memories of his boyhood in Hannibal, Missouri, form the basis of the novel and give it its idyllic, often nostalgic tone of celebration of lost childhood; Twain called the book simply a hymn, put into prose form to give it a worldly air. Tom Sawyer is not the complex masterpiece that its successor Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is, but it is well worth reading in its own right. The novel lives on because of its humor and its memorable evocation of the world of childhood. The novel takes place in a transformed, eternal-summer version of Hannibal called St. Petersburg (Saint Peters burg, a kind of Heaven). Tom Sawyer is full of lavish lyrical descriptions of the summer world as it is experienced by those who can appreciate it bestchildren. We will write a custom essay sample on Tom Sawyer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The novel also remembers the nightmare side of childhood; grave-robbing, murder, revenge, and grisly death are also part of St. Petersburg. As he wrote and revised the book, Twain could not make up his mind whether he was writing a book for children or adults. In his preface, Twain expresses a double purpose: Although my book is intended mainly for the entertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be shunned by men and women on that account, for part of my plan has been to try to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves. Although the point of view is Toms most of the time, the narrator leading us into Toms experience is clearly an adultamused, superior, and nostalgic by turnswho expects readers to see more than Tom does, to laugh at him and admire him from a perspective of adulthood. Tom Sawyer is in part a reaction against the Sunday-school literature abounding in 19th-century America, which featured relentlessly good children who were rewarded and naughty ch ildren who came to bad ends. Comic writers like Thomas Bailey Aldrich and B. P. Shillaber parodied this moralistic school. Before Tom Sawyer Twain wrote burlesques entitled The Story of the Bad Little Boy Who Didnt Come to Grief and The Story of the Good Little Boy Who Did Not Prosper, but in Tom Sawyer he went a step further and told the story of a bad (i. e. , normal) boy who will clearly become a good man. In the opening chapters of the novel, Tom displays all the faults of the bad child of the moralists: he lies, plays hooky, steals, and generally considers the respectable adult world his natural enemy. He cannot learn a single Bible verse, but he can memorize the most minute details of the adventures of Robin Hood. It never occurs to him to apply himself in school, but he can be patient, careful, and untiringly diligent in pursuit of childhood arts like whistling and in his sentimental courtship of Becky Thatcher. Like that earlier Tom, Tom Jones, this imprudent boy is naturally good-hearted; in Tom Sawyer Twain is willing to believe in a natural goodness of heart, however much he may distrust such a notion elsewhere. Tom lives in a private world of gorgeous theatrical dreams, sagas of pirates, robbers, and buried treasure, all starring himself. He successfully transforms dusty everyday life in St. Petersburg into dramas in which he holds center stage, most spectacularly when he attends his own funeral. He is an inspired schemer and entrepreneur, as readers learn in one of the first incidents in the book, the famous whitewashing scene. Twain himself said that the book had no plot and critics since his time have called Tom Sawyer everything from utterly formless and shapeless to a most ingeniously plotted novel. Three related plotlines intertwine. The first is Toms relationship with Aunt Polly, and by extension with the confining respectable adult world; this relationship is loving but elaborately hedged with comic plotting on both sides. The second strand is Toms courtship of Becky Thatcher, and the third is his involvement with the murder, the buried treasure, and the horrific Injun Joe. During the course of these adventures Tom begins to mature; at the end, while Huck remains the natural and innocent escapee from civilization, Tom edges closer to it. But is civilized St. Petersburg worth joining? From the narrators wider perspective, we can perceive the narrowness and hypocrisy of the worthies of the little country town. Much of the books humor comes from the disparity between what the inhabitants of St. Petersburg officially think and feel and what they actually think and feel. Tom Sawyer free essay sample The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Mark Twain writes that most of the adventures recorded in this book really occurred; one or two were experiences of my own, the rest of boys who were schoolmates of mine. Twains memories of his boyhood in Hannibal, Missouri, form the basis of the novel and give it its idyllic, often nostalgic tone of celebration of lost childhood; Twain called the book simply a hymn, put into prose form to give it a worldly air. Tom Sawyer is not the complex masterpiece that its successor Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is, but it is well worth reading in its own right. The novel lives on because of its humor and its memorable evocation of the world of childhood. The novel takes place in a transformed, eternal-summer version of Hannibal called St. Petersburg (Saint Peters burg, a kind of Heaven). Tom Sawyer is full of lavish lyrical descriptions of the summer world as it is experienced by those who can appreciate it bestchildren. We will write a custom essay sample on Tom Sawyer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The novel also remembers the nightmare side of childhood; grave-robbing, murder, revenge, and grisly death are also part of St. Petersburg. As he wrote and revised the book, Twain could not make up his mind whether he was writing a book for children or adults. In his preface, Twain expresses a double purpose: Although my book is intended mainly for the entertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be shunned by men and women on that account, for part of my plan has been to try to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves. Although the point of view is Toms most of the time, the narrator leading us into Toms experience is clearly an adultamused, superior, and nostalgic by turnswho expects readers to see more than Tom does, to laugh at him and admire him from a perspective of adulthood. Tom Sawyer is in part a reaction against the Sunday-school literature abounding in 19th-century America, which featured relentlessly good children who were rewarded and naughty ch ildren who came to bad ends. Comic writers like Thomas Bailey Aldrich and B. P. Shillaber parodied this moralistic school. Before Tom Sawyer Twain wrote burlesques entitled The Story of the Bad Little Boy Who Didnt Come to Grief and The Story of the Good Little Boy Who Did Not Prosper, but in Tom Sawyer he went a step further and told the story of a bad (i. e. , normal) boy who will clearly become a good man. In the opening chapters of the novel, Tom displays all the faults of the bad child of the moralists: he lies, plays hooky, steals, and generally considers the respectable adult world his natural enemy. He cannot learn a single Bible verse, but he can memorize the most minute details of the adventures of Robin Hood. It never occurs to him to apply himself in school, but he can be patient, careful, and untiringly diligent in pursuit of childhood arts like whistling and in his sentimental courtship of Becky Thatcher. Like that earlier Tom, Tom Jones, this imprudent boy is naturally good-hearted; in Tom Sawyer Twain is willing to believe in a natural goodness of heart, however much he may distrust such a notion elsewhere. Tom lives in a private world of gorgeous theatrical dreams, sagas of pirates, robbers, and buried treasure, all starring himself. He successfully transforms dusty everyday life in St. Petersburg into dramas in which he holds center stage, most spectacularly when he attends his own funeral. He is an inspired schemer and entrepreneur, as readers learn in one of the first incidents in the book, the famous whitewashing scene. Twain himself said that the book had no plot and critics since his time have called Tom Sawyer everything from utterly formless and shapeless to a most ingeniously plotted novel. Three related plotlines intertwine. The first is Toms relationship with Aunt Polly, and by extension with the confining respectable adult world; this relationship is loving but elaborately hedged with comic plotting on both sides. The second strand is Toms courtship of Becky Thatcher, and the third is his involvement with the murder, the buried treasure, and the horrific Injun Joe. During the course of these adventures Tom begins to mature; at the end, while Huck remains the natural and innocent escapee from civilization, Tom edges closer to it. But is civilized St. Petersburg worth joining? From the narrators wider perspective, we can perceive the narrowness and hypocrisy of the worthies of the little country town. Much of the books humor comes from the disparity between what the inhabitants of St. Petersburg officially think and feel and what they actually think and feel.  But Twain does not condemn this world as he condemns the river society of Huck Finn, and Tom Sawyer does not taste of the bitter pessimism of Twains later works. Toms increasing civilization is not a cause for alarm; he will be a good man in a good if parochial world.